Virtually anybody who has even a minimal sheet music collection that includes ragtime-era items likely has a cover done by one of the prolific Starmer Brothers. They had a consistency that was hard to match in terms of creating eye-catching cover art that did justice to or often outshined the contents within. By some accounts, they were responsible for nearly a quarter of all signed covers in large format from 1900 to around 1919, and continued producing cover art into the mid 1940s.
     The artists were both born and raised in Leeds, Yorkshire England, William in 1872 and Frederick in 1878, to boot maker James Starmer and Ann Elizabeth Starmer. There was one older brother, Edwin J. Starmer, born around 1868. In the 1891 England Census, the family was shown living at the same address in Leeds that they were in a decade prior, and 19-year-old William was listed as a Litho-Artist or lithographer. The brothers and their father eventually relocated from England to New York City, William in 1898 and Frederick in 1899. James returned to England for a time, followed by William in 1900, who went back to marry Julitta (Dawson) Starmer. He returned to New York shortly thereafter to continue his work. The rest of the Starmer family and Julitta followed in June 1904. The brothers were set up fairly soon as draftsmen and artists. For many years, it was hard to discern that there were two separate Starmers at work, since the covers had similar attributes and they all had the same Starmer signature.
     According to collector Marion Short, it was piano roll and sheet music collector Mike Montgomery who first discovered the identity of at least one of them through an invoice obtained from the daughter-in-law of publisher Jerome H. Remick, a bill from William Austin Starmer. Curiously, it listed him as an "Artist and Medical Draughtsman" from Austin, Long Island. They somehow escaped the 1900 Census, but a check of the 1910 Census showed that William was the older brother of Fredrick, and that they were immigrants from England. Even though William and Julitta had evidently had a son, William J. Starmer, in 1907, he was curiously not listed in the record. Both brothers listed artist as their occupation in 1910, with William as "commercial" and Frederick as "illustrating." William and his wife shared their Manhattan apartment with Frederick as well. Both also appeared at the same address in several Manhattan directories of the 1910s into the 1920s, usually with Frederick as draftsman and William as an artist.
     The 1920 Census shows them all still living in the same apartment, with both listed as commercial draftsmen. William's wife Julitta passed on in February 1922. Passenger manifests of the 1910s and 1920s indicate many trips back to England as well, so they did stay connected with their home country. By 1930 William had remarried to Edith (Mary) Starmer in 1925, and his accountant son, 23 year-old William was now living with the couple in Queens. William Sr. listed himself as a commercial artist with his own studio, likely the same situation as in previous years.
     William Starmer made several trips back to England, likely to see family or keep his visa current, from as early as 1907 to the late 1930s before travel restrictions were in place due to the oncoming war. Both brothers sailed there and back in 1905, 1907, 1909, 1913 and 1924. On January 31, 1924, he was naturalized as a U.S. citizen. Frederick appears to have made one final round trip voyage in September 1925 before returning to England for good around 1929. Information on him in the 1930s is difficult to come by at this point, but it is assumed he continued a career in commercial art either in Bournemouth near Dorset. William took subsequent round trip voyages in 1927, 1929, 1936, 1937 and 1938.
     Researcher Keith Emmons came upon an article that chronicled in part what had happened to the Starmers between the late 1920s and early 1940s. In the November, 1941 article in the Brooklyn Eagle, William Starmer, now living in Astoria, New York, stated that Frederick had immigrated back to Bournemouth, England around 1929. Whether he continued his career as an artist is uncertain, but as World War II was started, Frederick became a post warden, and had by that time experienced some 200 air raids, including the prolonged Battle of Britain. William was also serving as a post warden for the Astoria police when the article was written. He had been working as a colorist for civilian defense zone maps, so was still engaged as a commercial artist. There would have been more information from Frederick except that his letter was heavily redacted, leaving only salutations and a picture of him with his British cohorts. William died in New York in 1955 at age 83, and Frederick followed in Bournemouth in early 1962 at age 84.
     The sheer volume of work with the Starmer signature on it makes it clear that both of them worked in the sheet music field as well as their other pursuits. Assuming each brother signed their own covers, albeit with only the last name, and that there are some distinctions between the drawings they created in virtually every conceivable category and theme, it may be possible at some point to catalog to a certainty of 70% or higher which brother drew particular covers, and if there were any collaborative efforts. But given their closeness in both style and life-long pursuits, it would stand to reason that there was some crossover in their drawing styles, and perhaps many of the brilliant covers they turned out were collaborations.
     As you look through their collection, represented here in only a small quantity, note their fluid use of color, as well as the ability to draw realistic people simply but elegantly without delving into caricature unless it was called for. There is a mix of still lifes with simply patterned covers, and their command of lettering in interestingly derived fonts is also evident. Style on many of the covers is paramount, whether it be for fashion or for fadeaways. Rarely did anything delve into negative stereotype, perhaps a part of their British upbringing. Much in the vein of Currier and Ives, the brothers often captured subjects in a candid photographic sense that made the drawings look very natural. Through Remick's sheer volume of distribution, their work is in many ways the face of the ragtime era at its best.